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Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology, which features a diverse selection of editorials, reviews and original research articles exploring current developments in endocrine and metabolic care, from evolving diagnostic approaches to advances in treatment and the challenges ...
Diabetes mellitus, a multifactorial, chronic and progressive metabolic disorder primarily caused by elevated blood glucose levels, is a growing global health epidemic and a leading cause of adult mortality.1,2 By 2030, global diabetes prevalence is estimated to rise to 7,079 per 100,000 individuals, ...
Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a term coined to highlight the close associations among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, renal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to enhance an integrated clinical care model for patients. The novel framework ...
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is increasingly common in the USA, with incidence exceeding that of type 1 diabetes among 15–19-year-old adolescents and prevalence projected to increase by 673% by 2060.1,2 This growth is particularly worrisome due to the severity of youth-onset type 2 diabetes, which ...
In response to the increasing prevalence of obesity, the consumption of high-calorie and high-sugar foods and an unprecedented aging population, type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise globally. The International Diabetes Federation reported that 589 million individuals aged 20 to 79 years had ...
Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent cause for medical referrals to endocrinology departments. Markedly elevated prolactin levels are generally indicative of macroprolactinomas, whereas mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia may arise from physiological factors (such as exercise, sleep or stress), pharmacological agents, metabolic disturbances, ...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive metabolic condition associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease and substantial morbidity and mortality.1 Despite the availability of multiple glucose-lowering therapies, a significant proportion of individuals with T2D fail to achieve recommended glycemic targets, ...
Peripheral neuropathy is a common and clinically heterogeneous condition resulting from damage to the peripheral nervous system, affecting sensory, motor and autonomic fibers.1 Its diagnostic complexity stems from a broad spectrum of etiologies, including metabolic, autoimmune, infectious, toxic, neoplastic and ...
Welcome to the summer 2026 issue of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology. In this issue, we bring together articles that reflect the evolving complexity of endocrine and metabolic disease, while highlighting the growing importance of patient-centred care, translational science and interdisciplinary management. We ...
Pathophysiology of X-linked hypophosphataemia X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is a progressive skeletal disorder, originally defined by Albright in 1937 as hypophosphataemic vitamin D rickets.1 XLH is the commonest form of inherited rickets/osteomalacia and is an X-linked dominant condition.2 The most common ...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and GLP-1RA-based therapies are currently considered to be one of the most attractive classes of medications for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) because of their impressive weight loss properties, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ...
Urinary lithogenesis processes are activated in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This is a relatively unfamiliar topic among endocrinologists. Beyond the epidemiological evidence accumulated over the recent years, the purpose of this paper is ...
The global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has increased over the past three decades and is estimated to be 30% as of 2022.1 As an indication of disease burden, MASLD-related liver transplantation has already surpassed many other aetiologies as ...
The past century has witnessed substantial evolution in the assessment and management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), paralleling advances in our understanding of the condition and in innovation in technology. Since the ground-breaking discovery of insulin in the 1920s, T1...
The significance of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming increasingly recognized as a major contributor to disability, hospital admissions and mortality. In CKD, bone fragility is worsened by the complex interactions of metabolic ...
Insulin resistance (IR), a hallmark of various metabolic disorders, represents a diminished responsiveness of target tissues to the actions of insulin, resulting in impaired glucose uptake, dyslipidaemia and endothelial dysfunction.1,2 Worldwide, the prevalence of IR among adults ranges from 15.5% to 46.5%.3–5 ...
Highlights Autoantibodies refine autoimmune thyroid disorder diagnosis and risk. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody predicts relapse, severity and foetal impact. Thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody linked to fertility outcomes. Novel antibodies expand thyroid autoimmunity scope. The interplay between immunology and ...
Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology, which features a diverse selection of editorials, reviews and original research articles that highlight both the progress and the ongoing challenges in translating pathophysiological insight into patient-centred care. We begin with ...
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