Antihyperglycemic Medications and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology, which features a diverse selection of editorials, reviews and original research articles exploring current developments in endocrine and metabolic care, from evolving diagnostic approaches to advances in treatment and the challenges ...

Diabetes mellitus, a multifactorial, chronic and progressive metabolic disorder primarily caused by elevated blood glucose levels, is a growing global health epidemic and a leading cause of adult mortality.1,2 By 2030, global diabetes prevalence is estimated to rise to 7,079 per 100,000 individuals, ...

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is increasingly common in the USA, with incidence exceeding that of type 1 diabetes among 15–19-year-old adolescents and prevalence projected to increase by 673% by 2060.1,2 This growth is particularly worrisome due to the severity of youth-onset type 2 diabetes, which ...

In response to the increasing prevalence of obesity, the consumption of high-calorie and high-sugar foods and an unprecedented aging population, type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise globally. The International Diabetes Federation reported that 589 million individuals aged 20 to 79 years had ...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive metabolic condition associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease and substantial morbidity and mortality.1 Despite the availability of multiple glucose-lowering therapies, a significant proportion of individuals with T2D fail to achieve recommended glycemic targets, ...

Welcome to the summer 2026 issue of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology. In this issue, we bring together articles that reflect the evolving complexity of endocrine and metabolic disease, while highlighting the growing importance of patient-centred care, translational science and interdisciplinary management. We ...

Urinary lithogenesis processes are activated in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This is a relatively unfamiliar topic among endocrinologists. Beyond the epidemiological evidence accumulated over the recent years, the purpose of this paper is ...

The past century has witnessed substantial evolution in the assessment and management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), paralleling advances in our understanding of the condition and in innovation in technology. Since the ground-breaking discovery of insulin in the 1920s, T1...

Insulin resistance (IR), a hallmark of various metabolic disorders, represents a diminished responsiveness of target tissues to the actions of insulin, resulting in impaired glucose uptake, dyslipidaemia and endothelial dysfunction.1,2 Worldwide, the prevalence of IR among adults ranges from 15.5% to 46.5%.3–5 ...

Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology, which features a diverse selection of editorials, reviews and original research articles that highlight both the progress and the ongoing challenges in translating pathophysiological insight into patient-centred care. We begin with ...

The growing convergence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and dementia represents a pressing public health challenge in ageing populations worldwide.1 Robust epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have consistently shown that T2D is associated with accelerated cognitive decline.1,2 Beyond statistical ...

Approximately 20–34% of hospitalized patients have a diagnosis of diabetes, while many others experience stress hyperglycaemia, both increasing the occurrence of dysglycaemia in the hospital.1 Hyperglycaemia is associated with increased infection rates and higher mortality rates. Conversely, hypoglycaemia can lead to ...