Antihyperglycemic Medications and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Abstract
Overview
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to glycemic control,
a major focus of diabetes treatment involves cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction. In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
instituted a new requirement that new drugs developed and studied for the treatment of T2D must undergo CV safety testing. Since
the advent of this new policy, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, liraglutide and semaglutide have demonstrated superior CV event reduction – via
a composite of reduction in CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal stroke – compared with placebo in patients with T2D
and existing CVD, or at high risk of CVD. Multiple studies are underway to evaluate the CV outcomes of other antihyperglycemic agents. In a
time when there are numerous drugs in the T2D armamentarium, positive CV outcomes data influence drug selection and aids practitioners
in making more individualised therapeutic recommendations for their patients.
Keywords
Diabetes, cardiovascular disease,
antihyperglycemic, glucagon-like peptide-1
receptor agonists (GLP-1) receptor
agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2
(SGLT2) inhibitors
Article Information
Disclosure
Sarah L Anderson and Joel C Marrs have
nothing to declare in relation to this article. No funding
was received in the publication of this article. This study
involves a review of the literature and did not involve any
studies with human or animal subjects performed by
any of the authors.
Correspondence
Sarah L Anderson;
Mail Stop C238, 12850 E. Montview Blvd.,
room V20-2129, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, US.
E: Sarah.Anderson@ucdenver.edu
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