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Forty-four Years of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study: Legacy Effect and Beyond

Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Sanjay Kalra, Lakshmi Nagendra

Very few trials in the history of medical science have altered the treatment landscape as profoundly as the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). Even 44 years after its inception, the trial and post-study follow-up findings continue to fascinate and enlighten the medical community. The study was conceived at a time when there was uncertainty about […]

touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology. 2024;21(1):1–2:Online ahead of journal publication

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The Treatment of Diabetes after an Acute Ischemic Stroke

Geert JanBiessels, L Jaap Kappelle
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Published Online: Sep 14th 2012 US Endocrinology, 2012;8(2):88-92 DOI: http://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2012.08.02.88
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1

Abstract

Overview

People with diabetes are at increased risk of ischemic stroke and outcome after stroke is worse. This paper reviews the treatment of patients with diabetes after ischemic stroke. First, management of hyperglycemia in the acute stage will be addressed. We will make the point that, despite the fact that admission hyperglycemia is a common risk factor for poor outcome after ischemic stroke, there is still much uncertainty about whether intensive glucose-lowering therapy after stroke benefits clinical outcome. Secondary prevention of further cardiovascular events after stroke is the other main topic of this review. We will show that there are important opportunities for the reduction of stroke risk in diabetes, through a rigorous evaluation and treatment of associated risk factors.

Keywords

Diabetes, ischemic stroke, prevention, treatment, outcome

2

Article

Diabetes and ischemic stroke are common conditions that often co-occur. The relationship between diabetes and stroke is bidirectional.

Diabetes and ischemic stroke are common conditions that often co-occur. The relationship between diabetes and stroke is bidirectional. On the one hand, people with diabetes have a more than two-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke compared to people without diabetes.1 On the other hand, acute stroke can give rise to abnormalities in glucose metabolism, which in turn may affect outcome.2 In the current review, which is based on a recent paper from our group in the Lancet Neurology,3 we describe the management of diabetes both in the acute stage of stroke and in the longer term, with regard to secondary prevention.

Diabetes and the Risk of Stroke
A recent meta-analysis of prospective studies including 530,083 participants reported a hazard ratio for ischemic stroke of 2.3 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.0–2.7) in people with versus people without diabetes.1 Considering that the estimated world-wide prevalence of diabetes in adults is around 10 %, this implies that one in eight to nine cases of stroke is attributable to diabetes.

Diabetes is associated with different aetiological subtypes of ischemic stroke, including lacunar and athero- and cardioembolic strokes.4–6 Moreover, the risk of atrial fibrillation, the major cause of thromboembolic stroke, is increased by 40 % in diabetes.7 Diabetes-associated risk factors for stroke include diabetes-specific factors (e.g. hyperglycemia) and vascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, dyslipidemia), but also genetic, demographic, and lifestyle factors. The contribution of these factors, many of which are strongly interrelated, is likely to differ according to diabetes type and age.

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2

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3

Article Information

Disclosure

Geert Jan Biessels, MD, PhD, consults for and receives research support from Boehringer Ingelheim. L Jaap Kappelle, MD, PhD, has received speakers honoraria from Bayer and Boehringer Ingelheim.

Correspondence

Geert Jan Biessels, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht G03.232, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. E: g.j.biessels@umcutrecht.nl

Support

The research of Geert Jan Biessels, MD, PhD, is supported by grant 2010T073 from the Netherlands Heart Foundation.

Received

2012-07-17T00:00:00

4

Further Resources

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Stastical analysis indication diabetes mellitus .generative ai
5 mins

Trending Topic
Developed by Touch
Mark CompleteCompleted
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Forty-four Years of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study: Legacy Effect and Beyond

Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Sanjay Kalra, Lakshmi Nagendra

Very few trials in the history of medical science have altered the treatment landscape as profoundly as the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). Even 44 years after its inception, the trial and post-study follow-up findings continue to fascinate and enlighten the medical community. The study was conceived at a time when there was uncertainty about […]

touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology. 2024;21(1):1–2:Online ahead of journal publication
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