Reproductive Endocrinology

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, multifaceted syndrome that affects women across all ages from adolescence to post-menopause. It is reported to be the most common endocrinopathy in women of the reproductive age group.1 The nature of this syndrome is such that it requires support and intervention from multiple medical and allied specialties. The treatment […]

The pioneering work carried out by the French scientist Alfred Jost in the mid-20th century clearly showed that, in the mammalian foetus, the internal and external genitalia virilize whenever the undifferentiated gonads develop into testes, whereas they undergo the female pathway when no testicular tissue is present, regardless of the existence or absence of the ovarian […]

During more than 30 years of clinical practice as a gynaecologist, I have observed that very few novel medications have had a significant impact in the field of women’s health. There have been additions to selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), variations of hormone therapies (HTs), contraceptives and more. However, nearly all of these are modifications of […]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common disease, with an incidence of 5−21% in women during their fertile life (18–45 years of age) worldwide.1 PCOS is clinically diagnosed when two of the three 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria are met: (i) chronic anovulation disorder (in the form of oligo- or anovulation up to amenorrhoea); (ii) clinical (e.g. […]

Nearly 75% of all menopausal women experience bothersome vasomotor symptoms, including hot flushes and night sweats.1 Declining levels of estrogen during menopause lead to a narrowing of the central thermal regulatory neutral tone. Minute changes in core body temperature, as little as 0.8 ± 0.99°C, can often trigger sweating and flushing in both perimenopausal and postmenopausal […]