US ENDOCRINOLOGY VOLUME 14 – ISSUE 2 – WINTER 2018

  Welcome to the Fall edition of US Endocrinology, which features a series of articles that tackle many of the important issues relevant to endocrinologists, as well as reflecting the progress and challenges in this active area of clinical research. Our popular expert interviews provide concise snapshots of hot topics in medicine. Stephen LaFranchi explores […]

  This interview explores current controversies in the management of hypothyroidism in children. Newborn screening programs have allowed early detection and treatment of babies with congenital hypothyroidism, but some programs do not detect cases with delayed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation and most do not detect congenital central hypothyroidism. Lack of harmonization of TSH cut-offs means […]

  Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a substantial health burden worldwide, with approximately 1.35 million American children and adults living with T1D in 2015.1 Current guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommend an intensive insulin regimen for the treatment of T1D,2 on the basis of long-term clinical evidence.3 While the benefits of insulin are […]

  The year 2019 is special. It marks the anniversary of two events: one a beginning, the other an end. While the beginning signals an end, the end represents a beginning as well. Both events have influenced humankind immensely; both deserve to be remembered and celebrated. The first event took place 500 years ago, on […]

  Ketogenic diet (KD), though over a century old,1 has recently drawn attention to its multifaceted therapeutic potential. Modern use of KD can be traced back to 1911, when French physicians Gulep and Marie reported improvement in seizures in children and adults who were prescribed a fasting regimen.1 Initially used for the management of childhood […]

  Ketogenic diet (KD) is defined as a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, with adequate protein content, which makes the body utilize fat, rather than carbohydrate, as a preferred energy substrate. In a carbohydrate-replete person, this substrate is converted to glucose, which is used as a fuel by all organs, including the brain. In carbohydrate depletion, ketogenesis […]

  Diabetes mellitus has been associated with decreased bone quality and higher risk of fractures in several studies.1–3 Patients with type 1 diabetes have lower bone mineral density and patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of fracture despite normal or high bone mineral density, measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.1,4,5 While some […]

  Lifestyle Obesity has a negative impact on the reproductive outcome of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It affects natural conception reducing the chance of spontaneous ovulation, and increases the rate of miscarriage as well as the risk for complications during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes.1–4 Lifestyle modification programs based on a combination of […]

  Emerging adulthood, which encompasses those who are 18–30 years old, has been defined as a period of identity exploration, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and a time filled with optimism where anything seems possible.1–4 During this development individuals establish independence, define who they are, and make important educational and vocational choices.1–5 Emerging adults with type […]

  Diabetes afflicts 9.4% of the US population with about 90–95% having type 2 diabetes (T2D) and another 33.9% of the US population having prediabetes (2017 data).1 In 2015, it was estimated that 23.8% of patients with diabetes and 88.4% of patients with prediabetes did not even know they had the condition.1 This diabetes and […]

  Chronic periodontitis (CP; Figure 1) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic dental plaque biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth‐supporting structures.1 CP is a major public health problem due to its high prevalence and because it may lead to tooth loss and disability. CP negatively affects chewing function and thereby […]

  Disorders related to bone health are commonly seen in clinical practice in India. The most common conditions are vitamin D deficiency-related disorders (rickets, osteomalacia), followed by osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, endocrine osteopathies, and impaired bone health associated with systemic diseases.1–3 Vitamin D deficiency prevalence in India ranges from 70–90% of the population.3,4 Bone disorders are managed […]