EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY – VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2 – AUTUMN 2013

Diabetologists across Europe and beyond continue to tackle the growing burden posed by diabetes and its complications. Over the course of nearly 50 years, the Annual Meeting of the European Association of the Study of Diabetes (EASD) has become the world’s leading international forum for diabetes research, covering the most relevant and cutting-edge aspects of […]

In 1965 the first General Assembly of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) was held with Dr AE Renold and 220 participants in Montecatini, Italy. The decision to form the EASD was taken in the preceding year at the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Congress in Toronto. Dr Renold presented the Statutes, which […]

The total number of people with diabetes worldwide is projected to rise from 366 million in 2012 to 552 million in 2030.1 Optimal glycaemic control is essential to managing risks in patients with type 2 diabetes as lower glycaemic exposure is associated with a 25 % reduction in the risk of microvascular complications.2 However, despite […]

Type 1 diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder in children. Worldwide, there are approximately 490,000 children with type 1 diabetes, and 78,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.1 As of today, the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children younger than 15 years old is increasing. If this trend continues, new cases in European […]

Obesity has become an increasingly important health problem. According to estimations of the World Health Organization, the worldwide prevalence of obesity has more than doubled between 1980 and 2008. In 2008, 10 % of men and 14 % of women in the world were obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2), compared with 5 % […]

Automated Bolus Calculators

A dramatic global increase in the number of adults suffering from type 2 diabetes has been observed in the last 30 years.1 Between 1980 and 2008, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes more than doubled, and it is estimated that the prevalence will be more than 500 million by 2030.1–3 Additionally, type 2 diabetes has […]

Coffee is a complex chemical mixture that contains many bioactive molecules. These include chlorogenic acid, polyphenols, methylxanthines including caffeine, carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogenous compounds, nicotinic acid, potassium and magnesium.1 With the exception of water, coffee is the most consumed beverage in the world and almost 500 billion cups are consumed annually. In 2007, Finland was the […]

Type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are both highly prevalent conditions with a major impact on public health.1,2 Obesity is a common feature of both groups of patients. Thus, the metabolic syndrome, which is characterised by obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidaemia and hypertension, can often be found in both type 2 diabetes and […]

Obesity is a growing problem with many associated health risks and associated costs.1,2 During 1971 to 2000, the prevalence of obesity in the US increased from 14.5 % to 30.9 %.3 In the US, more than 37 % of adults and almost 17 % of youths were obese in 2009–10.4 Currently over 1.1 billion adults […]

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased worldwide over the last 30 years. 1–5 It was estimated that in 2005, 23.3 % of the world population was overweight and 9.8 % was obese 6 and in 2009–10, 37 % of adults in the US and almost 17 % of youths were obese. 7 Predictions […]

The global obesity pandemic has been well documented and affects both high- and low-income countries.1 In the US, two-thirds of adults are classified as either overweight or obese.2,3 In tandem with the high prevalence of obesity is a change in the prevalence of obesity among reproductive-aged women. Therefore, obesity-related morbid conditions such as chronic hypertension […]

Background and Literature Review

Hypovitaminosis D and Obesity – Coincidence or Consequence? Nowadays the number of studies involving vitamin D and its interaction with metabolism have grown and gained great exposure in the scientific literature. The main reason for this is the high incidence of its deficiency in different populations worldwide and the rising evidence of its role in […]

Acromegaly Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) causes low growth velocity in childhood, and if left untreated, severe short stature in adulthood. It is diagnosed by examining auxological data, thorough clinical examination and provocative testing. Patients with congenital GHD may have other pituitary hormone abnormalities and abnormal pituitary anatomy.

Osteoporosis and related fragility fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries.1 The lifetime risk of osteoporosis-related fractures exceeds 40 % in women and 20 % in men.2 According to the definition set by the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is defined as a “systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone […]