Obesity defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health, is a chronic disease linked to metabolic co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, a reduced life expectancy, economic burden and reduced quality of ...

Hypertension affects up to 40% of the adult population worldwide,1 and according to the World Health Organization’s 2021 estimates, globally 1.28 billion adults between 18 and 79 years are affected.2 Of these, 85% have essential hypertension3 and the remainder have secondary hypertension, which is potentially ...

Hypothyroidism usually presents with subtle signs and symptoms. Rarely, longstanding juvenile hypothyroidism can manifest as a syndromic diagnosis of Van Wyk–Grumbach syndrome (VWGS).1 VWGS presents as early menarche, thelarche, galactorrhoea, delayed bone ageing and multi-cystic ovaries, along with long-standing ...

Short stature affects 2.5% of children and is one of the most common reasons for consulting a growth specialist during childhood.1 Normal height is a polygenic trait and derives from the interaction of several factors. It is known that height is ...

The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is the ‘master gland’ that secretes multiple hormones which regulate the functioning of other endocrine organs, such as the thyroid, adrenal cortex and gonads. Though none of the major pituitary hormones directly control the endocrine ...

The global prevalence of obesity has increased tremendously in recent years. According to the World Health Organization, 39% of adults were overweight, of which 13% were obese, in 2016.1 The association between excess body weight and several medical conditions that increase morbidity and ...

Hypertension and Diabetes The Size of the Problem Hypertension and Diabetes The Size of the Problem Arterial hypertension and diabetes are chronic pathological conditions presenting with a very high frequency in the adult general population. Hypertension affects about one-third of ...

Hypertension and Diabetes The Size of the Problem Hypertension and Diabetes The Size of the Problem Arterial hypertension and diabetes are chronic pathological conditions presenting with a very high frequency in the adult general population. Hypertension affects about one-third of ...