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Thyroid gland inside human body. 3D illustration
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Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ orbitopathy, is a complex autoimmune disorder driven by an interplay of immune cells, orbital fibroblasts and tissue remodelling factors that lead to inflammation, oedema and, ultimately, potential vision loss.1 While the disease has historically been challenging to manage, recent therapeutic innovations are reshaping treatment paradigms and offering new […]

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multisystemic condition characterized by reproductive, metabolic and dermatologic manifestations, including hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. Despite its prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, PCOS remains underdiagnosed and poorly managed due to its ...

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Article highlights There is growing clinical importance attributed to the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Numerous international groups now advocate screening for advanced fibrosis in people with risk factors, such as ...

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Article Highlights Early use of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors following myocardial infarction was associated with the following factors: Lower hospitalization for heart failure (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.90; p=0.002). Similar cardiovascular deaths (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.83–1.30; p=0.76). Similar all-cause mortality (OR: 1.00; 95% ...

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age and is characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation and insulin resistance (IR).1 Women with PCOS have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidaemia, hypertension and ...

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Sanjay Kalra, Nikhil Sharad Gokhale, Ganapathi Bantwal

Dry eye disease (DED) is known as dry eye syndrome (DES) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca. According to the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society’s Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II), it constitutes a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, ...

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touchENDOCRINOLOGY was delighted to speak with Editorial Board member Dr Deep Dutta, a senior endocrinologist at the CEDAR Superspecialty Clinics, New Delhi, India. Throughout this interview, he summarizes the key messages from his late-breaking abstract session ‘Ailing Heart, Broken Vessels’, presented at the 60th European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) annual meeting in Madrid, Spain.

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Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional, 766-amino acid, type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein, which participates in the regulation of metabolic functions, immune and inflammatory responses, cancer growth and cell adhesion.1 It has two forms: the first is a membrane-bound form, which ...

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Tirzepatide is a first-in-class novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (twincretin), formulated as a synthetic peptide containing 39 amino acids based on the native GIP.1 Tirzepatide has a GIP receptor-binding affinity comparable with native GIP and ...

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Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology, which features a range of review, case report and original research articles that highlight some key developments in our understanding and management of endocrinological disease. We begin with a commentary from ...

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to pose an ever-greater global health challenge, with 1.31 billion individuals predicted to be living with diabetes globally by 2050; the majority of whom will have T2D.1 Closely linked to T2D is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic ...

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic noncommunicable diseases, its incidence is exponentially increasing and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 As of 2021, T2D ranked among the top causes of ...

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Juan Miguel Huertas Cañas, Maria Alejandra Gomez Gutierrez, Andres Bedoya Ossa

The incidence of diabetes has increased in recent years, and advances in technology have allowed for multiple ways to predict the outcomes of patients with diabetes, and have improved quality of life and lowered morbidity and mortality.1 For decades, glycated ...

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Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a disease with a complex aetiopathogenesis that leads to a wide variety of metabolic disorders. This includes, by definition, high plasma glucose levels, but also elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, cardiorenal complications and strokes. All of ...

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The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) consensus statement 2022 is a valuable addition that will help streamline type 2 diabetes mellitus management.1 The focus on individualized and person-centric care in the statement is ...

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Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology, which includes a broad range of articles selected for their evaluation of current practices and research that directly affect endocrinologists as well as being of interest to the wider biomedical community. ...

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Over 37 million people in the USA live with diabetes mellitus, equating to over 11% of the population.1 The large majority of these individuals (around 90–95%) have type 2 diabetes (T2D).1 Approximately 40% of patients T2D develop chronic kidney disease (CKD), with CKD ...

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Luis D’Marco, Xavier Guerra-Torres, Iris Viejo

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide.1,2 For this reason, early diagnosis and treatment are relevant to prevent the progression of this disease. Currently, the urinary albumin excretion ...

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Obesity – a chronic, relapsing, progressive disease that is defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥27.5 kg/m2 in Asian populations and ≥30.0 kg/m2 in all other populations – is an epidemic that has spread across the world.1 Recent data from ...

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