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Showing Results for recurrent adenomas
Cushing’s disease (CD) is caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma, or rarely carcinoma, and is considered a highly morbid endocrine disorder with few medical options.1,2 Although transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSS) is the mainstay of treatment for ...
Hypertension affects up to 40% of the adult population worldwide,1 and according to the World Health Organization’s 2021 estimates, globally 1.28 billion adults between 18 and 79 years are affected.2 Of these, 85% have essential hypertension3 and the remainder have secondary hypertension, which is potentially ...
Pituitary tumours (PTs) are located in the sella turcica, which surrounds the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. PTs range from asymptomatic incidentalomas to symptomatic aggressive neoplasms, such as invasive neoplasms or pituitary carcinomas.1 Symptomatic lesions can be characterized either by hormonal overproduction ...
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine neoplasm with an incidence of 0.5–2.0% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).1 It was first described in 1904 by de Quevain, when it was found in a patient presenting with a non-functioning parathyroid mass.2 Around 26 ...
Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare, benign, epithelial tumours of the sellar and parasellar regions arising as embryonic malformations along the pathway of the craniopharyngeal duct.1 They have an incidence of 0.13 per 100,000 per year to 0.5–2.0 per million per year and are classified ...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of Asia and Africa, which have a high burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and malnutrition. It is epidemic in these regions being associated with ...
Colloid goitre is defined as thyroid enlargement without accompanying disturbance in thyroid function. This is a common pathology, frequently found in clinical practice during a physical or ultrasound examination. Colloid goitre has been classified as nontoxic goitre according to the ...
Pituitary adenomas are benign tumours that arise from the adenohypophysis. They are the second most frequent intracranial tumour type after meningiomas, and account for 16.2% of all primary cranial neoplasms.1 Though likely an underestimate, the incidence of pituitary adenomas is approximately ...
Growth/growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors Evidence has long supported insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) as an important fetal growth factor. Begemann and co-workers from Germany and the Netherlands report four patients from a multigenerational family with the combination of severe ...
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and cancer-related hypercalcaemia are the most common causes of hypercalcaemia and PHPT is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia in outpatients. An autonomous overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to hypercalcaemia, which is not downregulated by the ...
Most pituitary tumors are non-invasive, benign adenomas that remain confined to the sella turcica. Although there is, at present, no accepted definition of aggressive pituitary adenomas, one would suggest that these have a tendency to recur after initial surgery. They ...
The cytological examination of the thyroid gland is based on microscopic assessment of a material obtained by means of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The main goal of FNAB is to classify the examined lesion as malignant, suspicious or benign and, ...
Thyroid nodules are very common in clinical practice, with an overall prevalence that varies from 4% by palpation to 67% by ultrasonography. The annual incidence by palpation has been estimated at 0.09% by the Framingham study,1 which translates into approximately 300,000 new nodules in ...
Over the past decade, ultrasound has become an essential part of the examination of thyroid and parathyroid patients. Sonography has been integrated with the history and physical exam and other tests (especially needle biopsy) to provide valuable information that has ...
Pituitary Adenomas Pituitary AdenomasDue to the rarity of pituitary tumours in children and adolescents, accurate information regarding the prevalence and incidence of these tumours is lacking. Data from autopsy studies (primarily concerned with adults) show that pituitary adenomas develop in ...
Surgery is first-line therapy for functioning pituitary adenomas (FPAs) and non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPAs) apart from prolactinomas. About 30% of NFPAs recur within five to 10 years1 and up to 60% of FPAs are still biochemically active after surgery.2–4 Somatostatin analogues and/or ...
Acromegaly is a severe endocrine disease resulting from growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I excess, usually due to a somatotroph pituitary adenoma. Prolonged exposure to hormonal excess induces a progressive somatic disfigurement and many systemic complications (see ...
Although benign in nature, pituitary tumors continue to offer many opportunities for improvement in therapy. Goals of treatment include complete removal or ablation of tumor cells, maintenance of normal pituitary function, normalization of elevated hormone levels in endocrine-active tumors, and ...
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