Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ orbitopathy, is a complex autoimmune disorder driven by an interplay of immune cells, orbital fibroblasts and tissue remodelling factors that lead to inflammation, oedema and, ultimately, potential vision loss.1 While the disease ...

It is with great pleasure that we present this latest issue of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology, which brings together a diverse array of high-quality articles focused on the evolving landscape of endocrine disorders. The importance of patient-centred care is exemplified in ...

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the efficacy of teprotumumab, a novel monoclonal antibody, in reducing proptosis for patients with long-duration thyroid eye disease (TED). While teprotumumab has shown promise in treating active TED, its effectiveness in chronic cases remained ...

Functions of B Cells and Their Role in Autoimmune Disease Functions of B Cells and Their Role in Autoimmune Disease Although B lymphocytes are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease through autoantibody production,1 many recent studies of ...

Functions of B Cells and Their Role in Autoimmune DiseaseAlthough B lymphocytes are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease through autoantibody production,1 many recent studies of B-cell function carried out in experimental animal models have shown that ...

Interpretation of Thyroid Function Tests in Pregnancy Interpretation of Thyroid Function Tests in Pregnancy Thyroid function tests can be difficult to interpret during pregnancy. Since human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) weakly binds to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor, high hCG levels ...

Current therapies of Graves' disease are aimed at reducing thyroid hormone synthesis and consist of thionamides, radioiodine and surgery.6 Thionamides block the thyroid hormone synthesis by inhibition of thyroid peroxidase, and are usually prescribed for at least one year. The ...