Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, or the supportive tissues around the tooth, which includes the gingival tissue, alveolar bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament.1 Caused by pathogenic bacteria, this disease has been recognized for at least 5,000 ...

Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology. In this issue we feature a range of articles to keep you up to date with the latest discussions and developments in the field of medical endocrinology. We start with an ...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease secondary to the destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the islets of the pancreas. Environmental factors presumably trigger the disease in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to a lifetime dependency on exogenous ...

Pituitary tumours (PTs) are located in the sella turcica, which surrounds the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. PTs range from asymptomatic incidentalomas to symptomatic aggressive neoplasms, such as invasive neoplasms or pituitary carcinomas.1 Symptomatic lesions can be characterized either by hormonal overproduction ...

Thyroid nodules are common and frequently benign, with approximately 5–10% being malignant.1 Current diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules should include a multidisciplinary approach, integrating clinical, sonographic, cytologic, and molecular analysis. While fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and cytologic examination have emerged as ...

Hypothyroidism is usually a progressive disease that impacts the entirety of bodily functions. As the heart is the main target of thyroid hormone activity, hypothyroidism may precipitate or aggravate heart failure, influencing heart rate and blood pressure (BP) while increasing ...

Atherosclerosis continues to be the number one cause of death in the US. Annually, 1,000,000 people will suffer a myocardial infarction (MI): one-third of those will occur in people who have already suffered an event.1 Despite treatment of major modifiable risk ...

Hypothyroidism is usually a progressive disease that impacts the entirety of bodily functions. Hypothyroidism is usually a progressive disease that impacts the entirety of bodily functions. As the heart is the main target of thyroid hormone activity, hypothyroidism may precipitate ...

Data from the INTERHEART study, a case-control study involving participants from 52 countries, also indicate that nine traditional factors may account for as much as 90% of population-attributable risk for myocardial infarction in men and 94% in women.1 However, these figures should be ...