Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare, benign, epithelial tumours of the sellar and parasellar regions arising as embryonic malformations along the pathway of the craniopharyngeal duct.1 They have an incidence of 0.13 per 100,000 per year to 0.5–2.0 per million per year and are classified ...

Oncocytomas are epithelial tumours composed of cells with eosinophilic, mitochondria-rich cytoplasm.1 They can occur in various organs, such as the kidneys, thyroid, pituitary gland, salivary glands and parathyroid glands. Rarely, it has been reported in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.2–4 ...

Recent advances have bolstered the anticancer therapeutic armamentarium. However, despite the enhanced efficacy and better survival offered by these newer agents, side effects remain a source of concern.1 Gastrointestinal side effects, organ toxicities and dyselectrolytaemias are critical adverse consequences. Among ...

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an endocrine cause of short stature. GHD may be idiopathic, due to brain tumours affecting the pituitary gland, morphologic pituitary abnormalities, or genetic defects.1,2 The diagnosis of GHD is based on auxologic criteria and laboratory ...

The armamentarium of anticancer drugs available to an oncologist has grown rapidly over the past few decades. The use of cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy has become more popular in the last few years. It has also become increasingly clear ...

The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is the ‘master gland’ that secretes multiple hormones which regulate the functioning of other endocrine organs, such as the thyroid, adrenal cortex and gonads. Though none of the major pituitary hormones directly control the endocrine ...

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant endocrine tumour syndrome characterised by three main manifestations which are primary hyperparathyroidism (78–94%), gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) (35–78%) and pituitary adenomas (20–65%).1 As described, GEP-NETs are the second most common component of MEN1 syndrome ...

Pituitary adenomas are benign tumours that arise from the adenohypophysis. They are the second most frequent intracranial tumour type after meningiomas, and account for 16.2% of all primary cranial neoplasms.1 Though likely an underestimate, the incidence of pituitary adenomas is approximately ...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine tumour deriving from the adrenal cortex. Its estimated incidence is one per million/year,1 with an increased incidence in the first and fourth to fifth decades of life and with a higher prevalence ...