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Showing Results for parathyroid hormone
Eneboparatide is an investigational parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) agonist, designed to bind with high affinity to a specific conformation of PTH1R, which is expressed in the kidneys and bone. The goal of treatment is to restore function by producing sustained and stable levels of calcium in the blood and by restoring calcium reabsorption by the kidney.2,3 Eneboparatide has been developed to have a short half-life in order to preserve bone health.
Hypercalcaemia is a common clinical condition in hospitalized patients. Malignancies and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are the two most common causes of hypercalcaemia in hospitalized patients.1–3 Apparently, there is a changing profile of hypercalcaemia in India, especially in hospital settings, because ...
Hypertension affects up to 40% of the adult population worldwide,1 and according to the World Health Organization’s 2021 estimates, globally 1.28 billion adults between 18 and 79 years are affected.2 Of these, 85% have essential hypertension3 and the remainder have secondary hypertension, which is potentially ...
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine neoplasm with an incidence of 0.5–2.0% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).1 It was first described in 1904 by de Quevain, when it was found in a patient presenting with a non-functioning parathyroid mass.2 Around 26 ...
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is caused by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid gland, the symptoms of which can remain dormant until later in life and as such PHPT is often underdiagnosed. We were delighted to speak to ...
Thyrolipomatosis is a rare condition defined as a diffuse non-neoplastic infiltration of fatty tissue in the thyroid gland.1Â Although fatty infiltration is common in other glands (e.g. salivary glands, parathyroids, thymus and pancreas), it is rare in the thyroid ...
Clinicians depend on accurate, precise and reproducible hormone measurements for the diagnosis and management of endocrine disorders. Immunoassays have constituted one of the major methods of measuring hormone levels in blood, urine and other fluids, as well as in tissue ...
The clinical presentation of hypocalcemia varies based on the degree and chronicity of the derangement. Although many patients remain asymptomatic, mild symptoms of hypocalcemia include circumoral and extremity paresthesia, Chvostek’s sign and Trousseau’s sign; more severe derangements can ...
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is characterized by the impaired ability of the kidneys to absorb filtered bicarbonate or to excrete titrable acid in urine.1Â It manifests as normal anion gap (hyperchloremic) metabolic acidosis. RTA may be of four types: type 1 (...
Immune checkpoints are small molecules that are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes to regulate the immune response. While some of these molecules enhance the stimulatory signals, others boost the inhibitory signals to blunt the activity of T ...
Oncocytomas are epithelial tumours composed of cells with eosinophilic, mitochondria-rich cytoplasm.1 They can occur in various organs, such as the kidneys, thyroid, pituitary gland, salivary glands and parathyroid glands. Rarely, it has been reported in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.2–4 ...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of Asia and Africa, which have a high burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and malnutrition. It is epidemic in these regions being associated with ...
The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer has been revolutionary, opening a new era in the fight against cancer. The principle of immunotherapy involves using pharmacotherapy to harness the power of the body’s own immune system to ...
Hyperthyroidism is a disease characterised by excess thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion from the thyroid gland. It is most frequently caused by Graves’ disease and toxic nodular goiter. Systemic complications involving the respiratory, cardiac and gastrointestinal systems, as well as ...
The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is the ‘master gland’ that secretes multiple hormones which regulate the functioning of other endocrine organs, such as the thyroid, adrenal cortex and gonads. Though none of the major pituitary hormones directly control the endocrine ...
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant endocrine tumour syndrome characterised by three main manifestations which are primary hyperparathyroidism (78–94%), gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) (35–78%) and pituitary adenomas (20–65%).1 As described, GEP-NETs are the second most common component of MEN1 syndrome ...
Liquid biopsy is a rapidly emerging technique that measures extracellular DNA in a patient’s blood and is of considerable interest as a non-invasive method for early recognition and management of cancer.1,2 Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments in the blood ...
Ketogenic diet (KD), though over a century old,1 has recently drawn attention to its multifaceted therapeutic potential. Modern use of KD can be traced back to 1911, when French physicians Gulep and Marie reported improvement in seizures in children and ...
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