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Thyroid gland inside human body. 3D illustration
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Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ orbitopathy, is a complex autoimmune disorder driven by an interplay of immune cells, orbital fibroblasts and tissue remodelling factors that lead to inflammation, oedema and, ultimately, potential vision loss.1 While the disease has historically been challenging to manage, recent therapeutic innovations are reshaping treatment paradigms and offering new […]

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The 17th ATTD Conference (Amsterdam, 19–22 March 2025) showcased major innovations in diabetes care. The 15-day Dexcom G7 CGM proved accurate and user-friendly. The RADIANT trial showed Omnipod® 5 significantly improved glucose control over injections in type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the 2IQP Study highlighted benefits of AID systems. Teplizumab also showed potential to enhance glycaemic stability in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, reinforcing the role of technology and immunotherapy in advancing diabetes management.

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Odysseas Violetis, Krystallenia I Alexandraki

Cushing’s disease (CD) is caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma, or rarely carcinoma, and is considered a highly morbid endocrine disorder with few medical options.1,2 Although transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSS) is the mainstay of treatment for ...

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Augusto Dextre-Espinoza, Sofía Pilar Ildefonso-Najarro, Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma originating from the germinal center, characterized by dysregulation of the MYC gene, often resulting from the translocation of chromosome 8 into 14. It is extremely aggressive, representing the fastest proliferating cancer, and typically involves ...

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Simran Thakkar, Aditi Chopra, Lakshmi Nagendra

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease secondary to the destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the islets of the pancreas. Environmental factors presumably trigger the disease in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to a lifetime dependency on exogenous ...

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Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most commonly diagnosed urological neoplasm worldwide.1 Approximately 10–15% of patients already have metastases in lymph nodes, lungs, liver and bones at diagnosis.2,3 Metastatic BC has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate ...

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Krystallenia I Alexandraki, Paraskevi Xekouki

Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare, benign, epithelial tumours of the sellar and parasellar regions arising as embryonic malformations along the pathway of the craniopharyngeal duct.1 They have an incidence of 0.13 per 100,000 per year to 0.5–2.0 per million per year and are classified ...

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Immune checkpoints are small molecules that are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes to regulate the immune response. While some of these molecules enhance the stimulatory signals, others boost the inhibitory signals to blunt the activity of T ...

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World Health Organization statistics rank tuberculosis (TB) amongst the top 10 communicable diseases in the world, and it remains one of the biggest killers of mankind.1 TB is known to cause both mortality and morbidity. Pulmonary TB is the primary manifestation, ...

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Michael J Mortensen, Oliver Oatman, Amir Azadi

The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer has been revolutionary, opening a new era in the fight against cancer. The principle of immunotherapy involves using pharmacotherapy to harness the power of the body’s own immune system to ...

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COVID-19 has become one of the greatest challenges in medical history, and the rapid development and approval of effective and safe treatments is essential to minimise the loss of lives during the pandemic. Given the urgency of finding effective strategies, ...

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Welcome to the latest edition of European Endocrinology. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted on all aspects of our profession, from the cancellation of medical conferences to the risk that COVID-19 imposes on patients with diabetes. Educating our patients ...

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Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Alpesh Goyal, Parjeet Kaur

The armamentarium of anticancer drugs available to an oncologist has grown rapidly over the past few decades. The use of cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy has become more popular in the last few years. It has also become increasingly clear ...

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Deep Dutta is a Senior Endocrinologist at the CEDAR Super-specialty Clinics New Delhi in India. Following his MBBS (in 2005) and MD (in 2009), he completed his Doctorate in Endocrinology (DM) training in endocrinology and metabolism in Calcutta, India in 2012. He was ...

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Despite the introduction of newer and faster acting insulin analogues along with advances in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery technology, the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) fail to achieve target glycemic control. There still remains a high ...

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Welcome to the latest edition of European Endocrinology, which features a range of insightful articles covering several areas of endocrinology. In recent years, a key requirement of clinical trials investigating new antidiabetes agents has been to demonstrate cardiovascular safety. An ...

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Despite the introduction of newer and faster acting insulin analogues along with advances in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery technology, the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) fail to achieve target glycemic control. There still remains a high ...

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong condition that results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells, resulting in an absence of insulin production. In the US, it is estimated that 29.1 million people have diabetes,1 with T1D accounting for 5–10% ...

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a relatively rare disease, but attracts much attention as it is a lifelong disease that mainly starts during childhood, thus condemning children to the daily administration of subcutaneous insulin injections, accompanied with a need for ...

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