Dry eye disease (DED) is known as dry eye syndrome (DES) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca. According to the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society’s Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II), it constitutes a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, ...
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional, 766-amino acid, type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein, which participates in the regulation of metabolic functions, immune and inflammatory responses, cancer growth and cell adhesion.1Â It has two forms: the first is a membrane-bound form, which ...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common disease, with an incidence of 5−21% in women during their fertile life (18–45 years of age) worldwide.1 PCOS is clinically diagnosed when two of the three 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria are met: (i) chronic anovulation ...
Worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is steadily increasing due to rising levels of obesity over the past 40 years caused by sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits. Diabetes now ranks ninth among the top ten causes of death ...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome, considered the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 6–8% in premenopausal women.1,2 However, long-term sequelae are extended beyond the reproductive axis, being present from birth to senescence. ...
‘Palaeolithic’ refers to the period of history of the genus Homo, beginning more than 2 million years ago when humans began to cultivate plants (predominantly cereal grains) and domesticate animals. They lived as hunter-gatherers, eating wild-animal-sourced foods (lean meats, internal organs, ...
Ketogenic diet (KD), though over a century old,1 has recently drawn attention to its multifaceted therapeutic potential. Modern use of KD can be traced back to 1911, when French physicians Gulep and Marie reported improvement in seizures in children and ...
According to the estimates of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), one in every 11 adults of the global population has diabetes, with an overall disease prevalence of 425 million.1 This diabetes prevalence is expected to increase exponentially with time because of the ...
From glucose homeostasis to hyperglycemia Glucose homeostasis is maintained by a complex neurohormonal system, which modulates peripheral glucose uptake, hepatic glucose production, and exogenous glucose utilization following food ingestion.1,2 This allows the maintenance of plasma glucose concentrations within normal range, ...
The steadily increasing knowledge concerning selenium (Se) involvement in chronic autoimmune and viral inflammatory disease along with the growing prospect of preventive and/or therapeutic Se intervention, via diet or compounds, are the focus of this brief review. Important data ...
Diabetic kidney disease is rapidly becoming the major cause of end-stage renal disease in the US and the number of patients with diabetic kidney disease is increasing at an epidemic rate worldwide. It is widely accepted that the principal cause ...
Diabetic kidney disease is rapidly becoming the major cause of end-stage renal disease in the US and the number of patients with diabetic kidney disease is increasing at an epidemic rate worldwide. It is widely accepted that the principal cause ...
Introduction Introduction Memory problems late in life are common and are often easy to recognize. Hypogonadism in older men is not as readily identified, but it is also frequently a part of aging. Androgens, such as testosterone, have important hormonal ...
Non-alcoholic SteatohepatitisNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver condition frequently associated with type 2 diabetes and characterized by insulin resistance and hepatic fat accumulation. Liver fat may range from simple steatosis to severe steatohepatitis with necroinflammation and variable degrees ...
A substantial amount of evidence has demonstrated that diabetes is highly associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.1–3 It is also well recognised that endothelial dysfunction, which is present even in people at risk of developing diabetes, is strongly connected ...
The incidence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase at epidemic proportions,1 while vascular and renal diabetic complications have huge socioeconomic consequences. The etiology of this disease is multifactorial and an increasing amount of evidence points to environmental and lifestyle factors ...
Since non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was first described in children in the early 1980s by Moran and colleagues,1 a number of case series have been reported. Awareness of the disease has been growing among healthcare providers in the last ...
Introduction Introduction Memory problems late in life are common and are often easy to recognize. Hypogonadism in older men is not as readily identified, but it is also frequently a part of aging. Androgens, such as testosterone, have important hormonal ...
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