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Showing Results for tumour necrosis factor-alpha
Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ orbitopathy, is a complex autoimmune disorder driven by an interplay of immune cells, orbital fibroblasts and tissue remodelling factors that lead to inflammation, oedema and, ultimately, potential vision loss.1 While the disease ...
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the efficacy of teprotumumab, a novel monoclonal antibody, in reducing proptosis for patients with long-duration thyroid eye disease (TED). While teprotumumab has shown promise in treating active TED, its effectiveness in chronic cases remained ...
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional, 766-amino acid, type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein, which participates in the regulation of metabolic functions, immune and inflammatory responses, cancer growth and cell adhesion.1 It has two forms: the first is a membrane-bound form, which ...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is generally defined as “any degree of glucose tolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy”.1 It currently is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity among pregnant women.2 Determining its prevalence has been a ...
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, or the supportive tissues around the tooth, which includes the gingival tissue, alveolar bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament.1 Caused by pathogenic bacteria, this disease has been recognized for at least 5,000 ...
Alopecia is a dermatological disorder characterized by hair loss from the scalp or body.1–3 It is one of the most common dermatological disorders worldwide and has several aetiologies, such as hereditary background, hormonal imbalance, infection or idiopathic causes.1,3,4 Alopecia can ...
The incidence of diabetes has increased in recent years, and advances in technology have allowed for multiple ways to predict the outcomes of patients with diabetes, and have improved quality of life and lowered morbidity and mortality.1 For decades, glycated ...
The role of testosterone is well established in health and disease.1 Testosterone is known to mediate physical, mental and reproductive health. Its role has been discussed in gender-specific variations related to conditions as diverse as cardiovascular, autoimmune, psychiatric and oncological ...
Obesity is now a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence worldwide.1 Obesity is also closely linked to increased morbidity and mortality caused by the complications related to obesity, such as type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, infertility, neurodegenerative diseases, ...
The armamentarium of anticancer drugs available to an oncologist has grown rapidly over the past few decades. The use of cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy has become more popular in the last few years. It has also become increasingly clear ...
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the pathogenic action of T lymphocytes on insulin-producing beta cells, which often begins 3 to 5 years before the onset of clinical symptoms.1 Despite almost 100 years of insulin treatment for the symptoms ...
The overall association between obesity and type 2 diabetes is so linear and strong that a causal relationship between the two has traditionally been assumed.1 There are some questions, however, yet to be answered.2 The association of diabetic complications with obesity ...
Despite the introduction of newer and faster acting insulin analogues along with advances in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery technology, the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) fail to achieve target glycemic control. There still remains a high ...
Despite the introduction of newer and faster acting insulin analogues along with advances in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery technology, the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) fail to achieve target glycemic control. There still remains a high ...
Diabetes-related macro- and microvascular complications contribute significantly to the increased morbidity, mortality, worsened quality of life and social and financial burden observed in patients with diabetes.1–5 Hence, reducing the development and/or the progression of these complications is one of ...
Diabetes-related macro- and microvascular complications contribute significantly to the increased morbidity, mortality, worsened quality of life and social and financial burden observed in patients with diabetes.1–5 Hence, reducing the development and/or the progression of these complications is one of ...
Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk Recently, much emphasis has been placed on the role of arterial stiffness in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In fact, increased arterial wall rigidity has been acknowledged as a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular ...
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a relatively rare disease, but attracts much attention as it is a lifelong disease that mainly starts during childhood, thus condemning children to the daily administration of subcutaneous insulin injections, accompanied with a need for ...
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