Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent cause for medical referrals to endocrinology departments. Markedly elevated prolactin levels are generally indicative of macroprolactinomas, whereas mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia may arise from physiological factors (such as exercise, sleep or stress), pharmacological agents, metabolic disturbances, ...

Cushing’s disease (CD), or pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, is almost always caused by corticotroph tumours, a type of pituitary neuroendocrine tumour, which overproduces adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), ultimately leading to hypercortisolism and its associated clinical consequences, including increased mortality.1 The ...

Pituitary tumours (PTs) are located in the sella turcica, which surrounds the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. PTs range from asymptomatic incidentalomas to symptomatic aggressive neoplasms, such as invasive neoplasms or pituitary carcinomas.1 Symptomatic lesions can be characterized either by hormonal overproduction ...

The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is the ‘master gland’ that secretes multiple hormones which regulate the functioning of other endocrine organs, such as the thyroid, adrenal cortex and gonads. Though none of the major pituitary hormones directly control the endocrine ...

Pituitary adenomas are benign tumours that arise from the adenohypophysis. They are the second most frequent intracranial tumour type after meningiomas, and account for 16.2% of all primary cranial neoplasms.1 Though likely an underestimate, the incidence of pituitary adenomas is approximately ...

Welcome to the spring edition of EU Endocrinology, which features a diverse range of articles covering multiple topics in endocrinology. This issue begins with an article by Sandow et al. that provides an overview of bioequivalence studies of recombinant human ...

Prolactinomas are the commonest pituitary tumours with a prevalence varying from 0.3 to 0.5 per 1,000 in the general population. This affection has a large female predominance and a median age of 30 years at diagnosis.1 Prolactinomas in men are characterised by a larger ...

Welcome to the winter edition of US Endocrinology, which features a diverse range of articles covering multiple topics in endocrinology. This issue begins with an article by Lardinois that highlights the need for a paradigm shift in atherosclerosis. The current ...

Pituitary tumors are the most common form of intracranial neoplasms. Their prevalence in autopsy series was reported as 5–20  %.1 However, clinically relevant pituitary tumors presenting with disturbances of hormonal secretion or mass effect are rare, with an estimated prevalence of 200/1,000,000 and ...